![]() papatasi has a wide range of distribution in the country including many parts of the arid areas of Sudan. This species is the most dominant CL vector in the area north of Khartoum where an epidemic of CL had occurred. The sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli (Diptera: Psychodidae) is the principal vector of Leishmania major, the causative agent of CL in Sudan. Whereas, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in Savannah areas extending from the Sudanese-Ethiopian border in the east to the banks of the White Nile in the west, and from Kassala in the North towards Blue Nile State to the south with scatter foci in Nuba Mountain and Darfur. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) occurs in a fluctuating pattern in the country mainly in the west, central and northern parts of Sudan. Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease spread over a wide geographical area in Sudan. The disease also causes serious economic loss and impedes socioeconomic development in many countries. It is considered as a major public health problem, 88 th in the world causing morbidity and mortality. Leishmaniasis is a vector borne disease caused by a parasite of genus Leishmania. The study provided evidence for malathion and propoxur resistance in the sand fly population of Surogia village, which probably resulted from anti-malarial control activities carried out in the area during the past 50 years. The sand fly population in Surogia displayed high AChE activity and only three specimens had elevated levels for EST and GST. papatasi of Surogia village had significantly higher insecticide detoxification enzyme activity than of those of Rahad Game Reserve. papatasi population from Surogia village was sensitive to DDT and permethrin but highly resistant to malathion and propoxur. papatasi from White Nile and Rahad Game Reserve were sensitive to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), permethrin, malathion, and propoxur. papatasi specimens from Surogia village and Rahad Game Reserve were assayed for activities of enzyme systems involved in insecticide resistance (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), non-specific carboxylesterases (EST), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) and cytochrome p450 monooxygenases (Cyt p450). papatasi of each population was tested using WHO insecticide kits. The insecticide susceptibility status of first progeny (F1) of P. Sand flies were reared in the Tropical Medicine Research Institute laboratory. Sand flies were collected from Surogia village, (Khartoum State), Rahad Game Reserve (eastern Sudan) and White Nile area (Central Sudan) using light traps. ![]() No data has previously been collected on insecticide susceptibility and/or resistance of this vector, and a first study to establish a baseline data is reported here. Phlebotomus papatasi the vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most widely spread sand fly in Sudan.
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